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The
Context of Critical Analysis
A
critical approach to knowledge and ideas is desirable in all areas
of university study-in lectures, in seminar discussions, in independent
reading. But in the context of essay and assignment writing, such
an approach becomes essential. This emphasis on criticism may be
less important in the first years of study in science and technology
than it is in humanities and social sciences. Lab reports, for
Example,
are usually more concerned with problem-solving, with learn
ing new techniques and with demonstrating basic principles that
with developing arguments about conflicting ideas or evidence. In
later years of study, however, when there is a greater emphasis
on theory, students are encouraged to be critical.
They
are expected to read widely and to write extended essays and assignments
rather than short factual reports. In writing of this kind, a critical
approach becomes essential. (An example of what this means in a
scientific context is dealt with later.)
Let
us look now at what a critical approach to knowledge requires in
practice. Consider these two first-year essay topics:
Examine
the theories of human nature held by Lao-tzu, Mencius, Hsun-tzu
and Wang Ch'ung. To what extent are they conflicting? (His tory)
“Furthermore
I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the most important,
but not the exclusive means of modification.' Discuss this statement
by Charles Darwin, using appropriate examples or experimental evidence
to develop your argument. (Zoology)
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